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John Barton (economist)
John Barton (11 June 1789 – 10 March 1852) was an English economist.
==Life==
Barton was born in London to Quaker parents, John Barton (1755–1789) and Elizabeth Horne (1760–1833).〔Sotiroff, G., John Barton (1789-1852), The Economic Journal, Vol. 62, No. 245, Mar., 1952〕 Throughout his career, his primary concern was poverty.〔Hutchison, T.W. Economic Writings of John Barton (1789-1852), The Economic Journal, Vol. 75, No. 298, Jun., 1965〕 "The poor grow more miserable as the rich grow more wealthy," he wrote in 1846. While he praised the classical school, he disagreed with it on the two pressing policy issues of the day, supporting the continuation of both the Poor Laws and the Corn Laws. He concerned himself mainly with statistical evidence, seldom venturing into the realm of pure theory. His empirical study of the mortality of the poor under the Poor Laws (1824, lost) suggested that contrary to the classical doctrines, the lot of the poor had improved under the operation of this system. "We shall regard the benificent principle of legislative relief, when divested of its incidental vices, as a most useful auxiliary to our endeavors for raising the condition of the labouring classes," he wrote.
His publication ''Observations on the Circumstances which Influence the Condition of the Labouring Classes of Society'' is credited with changing the opinion of David Ricardo with regard to the effect of new machinery on wages, unemployment, and national income; the chapter ''On Machinery'', which Ricardo added to the second edition of Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, was the result of Barton's influence.〔Marx, Karl, Theories of Surplus Value, Progress publishers, Moscow, 1968. Ch. 18.B.1〕〔Samuelson, Paul, Ricardo Was Right!, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 91, No. 1, Mar., 1989〕
Barton was one of the founders of Birkbeck College, then called the London Mechanics' Institution. He may have been a member of the London Statistical Society.〔Sotiroff, G., A Newly Discovered Manuscript of John Barton, The Economic Journal, Vol. 63, No. 251, Sep., 1953〕 He was interested in botany in addition to social science.
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